Hingu for Colic: Benefits, How to Use & Dosage

Asafoetida for Colic: Does It Work?

Does Asafoetida (Hingu / हिंगु, Ferula narthex) help with colic (Shula)? Yes, and within classical Ayurvedic pharmacology it is the lead-line answer for the most common adult presentation: sharp, spasmodic abdominal pain driven by trapped gas, where the picture is bloating, gurgling, and pain that eases the moment gas or stool passes downward.

Shula is fundamentally a Vata disorder of the gastrointestinal channel, the classical signature is pain that "shoots like a spear", which is what the Sanskrit word Shula literally means. The mechanism Ayurveda describes is Apana Vata stalling or reversing direction, so gas pushes upward and outward against a sensitised gut wall instead of flowing downward and out. Asafoetida is the prototype herb in the classical pharmacopoeia for this exact picture because it carries one rare property: Vatanulomana, the normalisation of downward Vata flow. Astanga Hridaya, Sutrasthana states the action plainly: hingu mitigates Vata, Kapha, cures distension of the abdomen and colic, enhances taste, hunger, digestion, and is easily digestible. Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 1 lists Shula hara (relieves colic) among its primary actions.

It is the right tool for adult Vata-type colic and for mixed Vata-Kapha colic. It is not the right tool for Pitta-type colic with burning, hyperacidity, or active ulcer (its hot potency aggravates Pitta), and it is not for unsupervised internal use in pregnancy or in infants under two. For infant colic, a thin paste of asafoetida applied externally over the navel is the classical home remedy; oral asafoetida is not given to babies.

How Asafoetida Helps with Colic

Asafoetida acts on colic through three converging classical mechanisms. Each targets a different layer of how Shula forms, which is why the herb resolves the whole spasm-and-gas arc rather than just one symptom.

1. Vatanulomana, restoring downward flow

This is hingu's signature action and the reason it sits at the head of the colic herb list. The core problem in Shula is a directional failure of Apana Vata, the sub-form of Vata that should be carrying gas, stool, and waste steadily downward and out. When Apana stalls or reverses, gas builds in the colon, pushes upward, presses outward into bloating, and produces the cramping pressure waves that define a colic episode. Hingu's pungent rasa (Katu), hot potency (Ushna Virya), and sharp, penetrating quality (Tikshna Guna) push Apana back into its proper downward direction. Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 1 classifies hingu as the prototype Vatanulomana herb, the direction-fix that ginger and ajwain do not deliver as cleanly.

2. Shula-hara, easing the spasm

Hingu is classified as Shula-hara in Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 1, a direct reliever of colic and cramping abdominal pain. Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana 15 places hingu inside the Grahani Gutika tablet specifically for digestive disorders with abdominal pain, and pairs it with haritaki, ativisha, vacha, and rock salt with warm water for vomiting and pain in abdomen. Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra 39 prescribes a topical paste of devadaru, kushtha, hingu, and rock salt for the weak patient with a distended, painful abdomen, classical evidence of hingu's antispasmodic use applied directly to colic.

3. Deepana-Pachana, kindling weak digestive fire

Underneath recurrent colic sits Mandagni, a sluggish digestive fire that leaves food only half-broken-down. The undigested residue, called Ama, ferments in the colon and the fermentation is the gas that distends the gut wall. Hingu is documented in Bhavaprakash as one of the best Deepana (digestive-stimulant) herbs in the materia medica. By kindling Agni back to a steadier state and processing the Ama that feeds the cycle, hingu shifts the upstream cause of the spasm, not just today's pain.

What modern phytochemistry adds

Hingu's volatile oil (4 to 20 percent of the resin) is dominated by sulfur-containing disulphides and terpenes, with a heavy resin fraction (40 to 65 percent). These disulphides and ferulic acid esters are documented antispasmodics on intestinal smooth muscle, the same mechanism that explains the relief of colic cramping. Modern data also points to inhibition of methane-producing archaea in the gut microbiome and slowing of bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates, two effects that line up directly with the classical reduction in gas and distension.

The Pitta caution

Hingu's heat is unambiguous, it aggravates Pitta. In Pitta-type colic with burning upper-abdominal pain, sour eructation, hyperacidity, or active ulcer, hingu can worsen the picture rather than help. For that pattern, the cooling carminative fennel or coriander seed water is the correct substitute. Hingu is also avoided internally in pregnancy and in infants under two years; for infant colic, only the classical external lepa applies.

How to Use Asafoetida for Colic

Asafoetida is potent and the dose is small. Two routes cover almost all home use for colic: a kitchen-spice route for daily prevention, and a formulation route for active spasm. The herb must be activated in hot fat before use; raw asafoetida is irritating and harder to digest.

For an acute colic episode (adults)

The fastest home remedy: a pinch of asafoetida (roughly 125 mg, the size of a small lentil) mixed into a teaspoon of warm ghee, swallowed, followed by half a cup of warm water with a pinch of rock salt. Apply a hot water bottle wrapped in a thin towel over the lower abdomen for 10 to 15 minutes at the same time. Most acute Vata-type episodes ease within 10 to 20 minutes as Apana releases downward.

An equally classical version: simmer a quarter teaspoon of ajwain seeds and a pinch of asafoetida in a cup of water for two minutes, strain, add a small pinch of rock salt, and sip slowly.

For recurrent or chronic colic (adults)

The standard classical formulation is Hingvashtak Churna, the eight-herb powder Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda 3 codifies: hingu, rock salt (Saindhava), dry ginger (Shunthi), Krishna Jiraka (black cumin), pippali, Yamani (ajwain), and black pepper (Maricha). The eight-spice balance softens hingu's edge and broadens the antispasmodic and carminative action across the full Shula picture.

As a daily cooking spice (preventive)

Heat half a teaspoon of ghee in a small pan, add a pinch of hingu (about 1/8 teaspoon), let it sizzle for 5 seconds, then pour over cooked dal, beans, cabbage, cauliflower, or vegetable curry just before serving. This is the everyday Vata-preventive form and the reason Indian kitchens stock hingu next to the salt. Dal without hingu is heavy; dal with hingu is digestible.

Form	Dose	When	Anupana (vehicle)
Hingu in ghee (acute episode)	125 mg pinch in 1 tsp ghee	At onset of pain	Followed by warm water with rock salt
Hingvashtak Churna	1/4 to 1/2 tsp	Twice daily, with first bite of food	Warm water or buttermilk
Solo hingu powder (chronic)	100 to 250 mg per dose, cap 1 g per day	Before lunch	Mixed into 1/4 tsp warm ghee
Kitchen tadka (daily prevention)	1/8 tsp pinch	In every meal with beans or heavy food	Hot ghee

Anupana by sub-pattern

Vata-type colic with cold extremities and irregular hunger: warm water.
Mixed gas with cramping and constipation: 1 cup buttermilk (the classical Mandagni anupana from Charaka Chikitsa 15).
Kapha-type heaviness with mucus-coated stools: warm water with a touch of honey.

External application (hingu lepa)

For trapped gas with sharp local pain, mix a quarter teaspoon of asafoetida powder into a tablespoon of warm sesame oil and apply as a thin film over the navel and lower belly. Cover with a warm cloth for 15 minutes. This is the classical lepa and the only form appropriate for infant colic: a very thin paste applied externally over the baby's navel, never given orally.

Duration

Acute episode: 1 to 2 doses usually resolve. Hingvashtak Churna at therapeutic dose runs 4 to 6 weeks, then taper to a smaller maintenance dose. Daily kitchen-spice use is appropriate indefinitely. For colic recurring more than weekly despite this regime, the next step is Shulahara Kashaya from a qualified Vaidya, or referral for Niruha and Anuvasana Basti.

Avoid internally

Pregnancy (hard contraindication in medicinal doses).
Infants under two years (oral asafoetida is not given; external lepa only).
Hyperacidity, active gastric or duodenal ulcer, severe gastritis.
High Pitta types (red-faced, hot-tempered) without ghee buffering.
Concurrent antihypertensive medication without doctor clearance (hingu in large amounts can lower blood pressure).

Frequently Asked Questions

How fast does asafoetida work for a colic attack?

For Vata-type colic with gas, a pinch of hingu in warm ghee plus a warm compress on the lower abdomen typically eases the spasm within 10 to 20 minutes as trapped gas releases downward. Hingvashtak Churna with a meal takes 30 to 60 minutes to work, but is the better daily preventive. If pain does not ease within 30 minutes or is escalating, treat it as a red-flag presentation, not functional colic.

Can I give asafoetida to my baby for colic?

Not internally. Oral asafoetida is not given to infants under two years; some commercial hingu drops marketed for babies have been associated with serious complications in small infants. The classical Ayurvedic remedy for infant colic uses asafoetida externally only: a very thin paste of hingu in warm water or warm oil applied gently over the baby's navel. For internal infant colic remedies, cooled fennel water or dilute ajwain water are the traditional choices, and any infant remedy should go through a paediatrician or Vaidya, not internet recipes.

Asafoetida or ajwain for colic, which is better?

They do related but distinct work. Ajwain (carom seeds) is the dedicated antispasmodic (Shulaprashamana), it relaxes the cramping gut wall and is gentler, safer in culinary doses, and easier to give to children. Asafoetida adds something ajwain does not: Vatanulomana, the active restoration of downward gas flow. For acute, gas-driven adult colic with strong distension, hingu is the lead herb. For mild ongoing colic, post-meal cramping, or children over two, ajwain is the right starting point. Classical practice combines them, both sit inside Hingvashtak Churna for exactly this reason.

Can I take asafoetida for biliary or kidney colic?

Hingu is the right answer for spasmodic intestinal Vata-Shula. Biliary colic (pain in the right upper abdomen radiating to the right shoulder, classically after fatty food, often suggests gallstones) and renal colic (flank pain radiating to the groin, often with blood in urine, suggests kidney stones) are different mechanisms involving different organs and require medical evaluation first. Hingu is not the primary herb for either, and self-treating biliary or renal colic with hot, pungent herbs can mask a serious problem. Get imaging and a diagnosis before applying intestinal-Shula remedies to these patterns.

What's the safe daily dose of asafoetida?

For culinary use, a pinch (around 125 mg) per meal is normal and indefinitely safe. For medicinal use, classical practice caps solo hingu at 1 gram per day, divided into two or three doses, taken with ghee or warm fat to soften the bite. Hingvashtak Churna is dosed at 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon twice daily before meals. Avoid medicinal doses entirely in pregnancy, in active ulcer or hyperacidity, and in people on antihypertensive medication without doctor clearance.

Recommended: Start Asafoetida for Colic

If you want to start using asafoetida for colic today, here is the simplest entry point: Hingvashtak Churna, the eight-spice powder Sharangadhara Samhita built specifically for Vata-type Shula. It combines hingu with rock salt, dry ginger, black cumin, pippali, ajwain, ajamoda, and black pepper, the proportions balance hingu's heat and broaden its antispasmodic reach. Take 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon with the first bite of lunch and dinner in warm water or buttermilk.

Kitchen version, free of cost: bring a glass of water to a simmer with a quarter teaspoon of ajwain seeds and a small pinch of asafoetida. Strain, add a pinch of rock salt, and sip slowly while a hot water bottle rests on your lower abdomen. This resolves most acute Vata-type episodes within 15 to 20 minutes.

Dosha fork:

If Vata-dominant colic (sharp, shifting, gas-driven, eases on passing wind): Hingvashtak Churna twice daily with meals, plus daily abdominal abhyanga with warm sesame oil.
If Pitta-dominant colic (burning, hyperacidity, sour eructation): skip hingu, it is too warming. Use fennel tea or coriander seed water instead.
If Kapha-dominant colic (heavy, dull, with mucus): hingu is appropriate; pair with pippali 250 mg before meals and skip dairy for two weeks.

Find Hingvashtak Churna on Amazon ↗ Asafoetida Powder ↗

Avoid medicinal-dose asafoetida in pregnancy, in active ulcer or hyperacidity, and in infants under two; for babies, only the classical external lepa over the navel applies, never oral hingu.

Safety & Precautions

Contraindications: High pitta; inflammatory conditions of the liver and brain; pregnancy

Safety: No drug–herb interactions are known.

Other Herbs for Colic

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Ajwain Trachyspermum ammi syn. Trachyapermum copticum, Carum copticum/roxburghianum/ajowan, Ptychotis ajowan

Coriander Coriandrumsativum Linn.

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Cumin Cuminum cyminum

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Fennel Foeniculum vulgare

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Ginger

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Green Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Maton

See all herbs for colic on the Colic page.

▶ Classical Text References (7 sources)

being pungent and salty in taste are not good to semen, ojas (essence of the tissues ), hairs and eye (vision) 151 ह गु वातकफानाह शूल नं प त कोपनम ्॥१५२॥ कटुपाकरसं यं द पनं पाचनं लघु । Hingu (asa foetida) mitigates vata, kapha, cues distension of the abdomen and colic, aggravates pitta, pungent in taste and at the end of digestion, enhances taste, hunger, digestion and is easily digestible.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Annaswaroopa Food

Katu Gana – group of pungents:कटुको ह गु म रचकृ मिजत प चकोलकम ् कुठे रा या ह रतकाः प तं मू म करम ् Hingu- Asa foetida Maricha – Black pepper, Krimijit – Vidanga, Panchakola – Chitraka, Pippalmoola, Pippali, Chitraka and ginger, leafy vegetables such as Kutheraka and others (mentioned in verse 103 of chapter 6 earlier), Pitta (bile of animals), Mutra (urines), Arushkara etc.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their

21-24 योषकटवीवरा श ु वड गा त वषाि थराः ह गुस ौवचलाजाजीयवानीधा य च काः नशी ब ृह यौ हपुषा पाठामूलं च के बुकात ् एषां चूण मधु घ ृतं तैलं च सदशांशकम ् स तु भः षोडशगुणैयु तं पीतं नहि त तत ् अ त थौ या दकान ् सवा ोगान यां च त वधान ् ोगकामलाि व वासकासगल हान ् बु मेधा म ृ तकरं स न या ने च द पनम ् Powder of Vyosha- (Trikatu – pepper, long pepper and ginger), Katvi, Vara (Triphala), Shigru (drum stick), Vidanga (False black pepper – Embelia ribes), Ativisha, Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), Hingu – (A
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Dvividha Upakramaneeya

The wound should be fumigated with the smoke of Guggulu, Aguru, Siddhartha, Hingu (Asa foetida), Sarjarasa, Patu (Salt), Sadgrantha(Acorus calamus) or leaves of Nimba (neem), mixed with ghee;
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Shastrakarma Vidhi

For preparing Teekshna Kshara – alkali of strong potency the admixture should be similar to that of previous – alkali of medium potency and also the paste of Langalika, Danti, Chitraka, Ativisha, Vacha, Svarjika, Kanakaksiri, Hingu, sprouts of Putika, Talapatri and Bida salt and alkali prepared as usual and used after a lapse of seven days.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Kshar-AgniKarma Vidhi

Source: Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Annaswaroopa Food; Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their; Dvividha Upakramaneeya; Shastrakarma Vidhi; Kshar-AgniKarma Vidhi

[12] Ingredients: oil cake (pinyaka), sauvarchala (a type of salt), hingu (Ferula asafoetida (L)), mustard (Brassica nigra (L)), trikatu officinale (Roscoe), maricha- Piper nigrum (Linn), pippali- Piper Longum (Linn.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 26: Three Vital Organs Treatment (Trimarmiya Chikitsa / त्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सा)

Ingredients: 1 part-hingu (Ferula asafoetida (L)) 2 parts- vacha (Acorus calamus Linn) 4 parts- chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn) 8 parts-kushtha (Saussurea lappa) 16 parts-swarjikshara 32 parts- vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 26: Three Vital Organs Treatment (Trimarmiya Chikitsa / त्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सा)

, hingu- asafoetida Linn, pedunculata Roxb.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 26: Three Vital Organs Treatment (Trimarmiya Chikitsa / त्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सा)

Source: Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 26: Three Vital Organs Treatment (Trimarmiya Chikitsa / त्रिमर्मीयचिकित्सा)

), hingu (Ferula narthex Boiss.
— Charaka Samhita, Sharira Sthana — Human Body & Embryology, Chapter 8: Guidelines for Lineage (Jatisutriya Sharira / जातिसूत्रीय शरीर)

If the patient suffers from edema and pain in the peri-anal region, and if there is suppression of the digestive power, then he should be treated with the combination of powder of trikatu [(Sunthi (Zingiber officinale), pippali (Piper longum)and maricha (Piper nigrum)], pippalimool (Piper longum), patha (Cissampelos parrira), hingu (Ferula narthex), chitraka (Plumbago Zylanica), sauvarchala (one kind of salt), pushkarmool(Inula racemosa), jeera (Cuminum cyminum), Pulp af bilva (Aegle marmelos),
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 14: Hemorrhoids Treatment (Arsha Chikitsa / अर्शचिकित्सा)

Chitraka, pippalimoola, two kshara (yavakshara and sarjikshara), salt, trikatu, hingu, ajamoda and chavya are mixed together and trichurated with either matulunga svarasa or dadima svarasa and tablets are prepared.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)

Kalinga, hingu, ativisha, vacha, sauvarchala and haritaki with warm water is useful in vomiting, arshogranthi (analpolyp with pellet stool) and pain in abdomen.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)

Marichadyam choornam contains one kudava (192 gm) of maricha, kunchika, ambashtha (patha), vrikshamlah, ten pala (480 gm) of amlavetas, half pala (24 gm) each of sauvarchala, bidha, pakya, yavakshara, saindhava, sathi, pushkaramoola, hingu and hingushivatika (vamsapatri).
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)

Source: Charaka Samhita, Sharira Sthana — Human Body & Embryology, Chapter 8: Guidelines for Lineage (Jatisutriya Sharira / जातिसूत्रीय शरीर); Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 14: Hemorrhoids Treatment (Arsha Chikitsa / अर्शचिकित्सा); Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)

Hingvashtaka Churna: Hingu (asafoetida — Ferula assa-foetida), Saindhava (rock salt), Shunthi (dry ginger — Zingiber officinale), Krishna Jiraka (black cumin — Nigella sativa), Pippali (long pepper — Piper longum), Yamani (Trachyspermum ammi), and Maricha (black pepper — Piper nigrum) — these eight ingredients constitute Hingvashtaka.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations)

— Hingu (asafoetida) six Shana, and the five salts (Pancha Lavana) — two Aru salts included.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 4: Gutikakalpana (Tablet/Pill Preparations)

After purification, form it into a disc (Chakra-like shape), coat it with Hingu (Asafoetida — Ferula foetida).
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 12: Rasadishodhana-Maranakalpana (Mercury and Rasa Preparations)

Alternatively, a paste of garlic (Lashuna, Allium sativum), or Hingu (asafoetida, Ferula assa-foetida) with neem may be used.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Uttara Khanda, Chapter 11: Lepa Vidhi (Topical Paste Application)

Asafoetida's strong odor also repels insects.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Uttara Khanda, Chapter 11: Lepa Vidhi (Topical Paste Application)

Source: Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations); Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 4: Gutikakalpana (Tablet/Pill Preparations); Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 12: Rasadishodhana-Maranakalpana (Mercury and Rasa Preparations); Uttara Khanda, Chapter 11: Lepa Vidhi (Topical Paste Application)

Hingvashtaka Churna: Hingu (asafoetida — Ferula assa-foetida), Saindhava (rock salt), Shunthi (dry ginger — Zingiber officinale), Krishna Jiraka (black cumin — Nigella sativa), Pippali (long pepper — Piper longum), Yamani (Trachyspermum ammi), and Maricha (black pepper — Piper nigrum) — these eight ingredients constitute Hingvashtaka.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations)

— Hingu (asafoetida) six Shana, and the five salts (Pancha Lavana) — two Aru salts included.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 4: Gutikakalpana (Tablet/Pill Preparations)

After purification, form it into a disc (Chakra-like shape), coat it with Hingu (Asafoetida — Ferula foetida).
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 12: Rasadishodhana-Maranakalpana (Mercury and Rasa Preparations)

One Shana (3g) of potent medicine, a Yava-measure of Hingu, and one Masha of Saindhava for Nasya.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Uttara Khanda, Chapter 8: Nasya Vidhi (Nasal Therapy)

Masha, Atmagumara, Bala, Arubu, Karohi, and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) decoction with Hingu and Saindhava.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Uttara Khanda, Chapter 8: Nasya Vidhi (Nasal Therapy)

Also with saindhava, hingu (asafoetida), triphala, madhuka, paundarika (white lotus), anjana (antimony), tuttha (copper sulfate), and tamra (copper).
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 11: Kaphabhishyanda Pratishedha Adhyaya (Chapter on Treatment of Kapha-type Conjunctivitis)

A paste (utsadana) containing Vacha (Acorus calamus) and Hingu (asafoetida) is beneficial in Skanda seizure.
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 29: Skandapasmarapratishedha

Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), Vacha, Hingu (asafoetida), Kushtha, Girikadambaka, Ela (cardamom), and Harenuka should always be used for fumigation.
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 32: Putanapratishedha

White mustard (Siddharthaka), Vacha, Hingu (asafoetida), Kushtha, along with Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium) and Ajamoda (celery seeds) are beneficial for fumigating the child.
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 36: Naigameshapratishedha

For a weak patient with a distended, painful abdomen, an application should be made with Daru (Devadaru), Haimavati, Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), Shatahva (dill), Hingu (asafoetida), and Saindhava (rock salt).
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 39: Jvarapratishedha

Source: Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 11: Kaphabhishyanda Pratishedha Adhyaya (Chapter on Treatment of Kapha-type Conjunctivitis); Uttara Tantra, Chapter 29: Skandapasmarapratishedha; Uttara Tantra, Chapter 32: Putanapratishedha; Uttara Tantra, Chapter 36: Naigameshapratishedha; Uttara Tantra, Chapter 39: Jvarapratishedha