Soul
The sixth of the nine causative substances in Vaisheshika philosophy; eternal, universal, indivisible substratum of Consciousness, existing as both individual soul (jivatman) and supreme soul (paramatman).
Soul (Atman) — The Substratum of Consciousness
Atman is the sixth of the nine causative substances according to Vaisheshika philosophy. Soul is described as eternal, universal, of two kinds — jivatman (individual soul) and paramatman (supreme soul) — inferred, and indivisible. It is the substratum or phenomenon of Consciousness itself; Consciousness evolves because soul or spirit exists.
Sankhya philosophy speaks of Purusha as pure awareness, the highest principle. Vaisheshika's definition of atman is as a material, causative factor of creation. Individual souls do not perceive other souls but they do infer their existence.
The Self can exist without body, and Self can exist without mind. In deep sleep, one forgets body and mind, yet in the dream state the Self still functions through the mind. Without the Self, consciousness is not possible. Atman cannot be seen but it can be experienced; it cannot be measured but one can merge into it.
Source: Textbook of Ayurveda: Fundamental Principles, Chapter One: Shad Darshan (Six Philosophies of Life)
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