Ayurvedic Properties
- Taste (Rasa)
- Pungent, bitter
- Quality (Guna)
- Light, dry, penetrating
- Potency (Virya)
- Hot
- Post-digestive (Vipaka)
- Pungent
- Dosha Effect
- Dos.aHIIHFW9.ï3
- Key Constituents
- Volatile oil Tannin Quinones Embelin, vilangin Alkaloid Christembine Fatty acids (Williamson 2002)
- Also Known As
- Sanskrit: विडंग, कृमिघ्न, जन्तुघ्न, तण्डुल
Hindi: वायविडंग, बायबिडंग - Dhatu
- Plasma, blood, fat, reproductive
- Srotas
- Digestive, excretory, urinary, reproductive
What is Vidanga?
If you have ever been told that Ayurveda has a single go-to herb for intestinal worms, this is the one. Vidanga earned that reputation early: the Bhavaprakash Nighantu calls it the best worm-destroying herb in Ayurveda (Krimighna), and many of its Sanskrit synonyms, such as Krimijit, Krimihara and Kriminasana, simply mean "conqueror" or "destroyer" of worms.
In English it is often called False Black Pepper, and the name is honest. The small dried fruit, which is the part used in medicine, looks very much like a black peppercorn. Botanically it is Embelia ribes, a member of the Myrsinaceae family.
Vidanga tastes pungent and bitter, has a heating potency, and is light, dry and penetrating in quality. Those properties make it a herb that reduces Kapha and Vata but can push Pitta up. Beyond worms and parasites, classical texts use it for digestion, constipation, swelling and skin disease, and it shows up as an ingredient in well-known classical powders such as Avipattikar Churna and Vyoshadi Churna.
One unusual detail: most herbs are meant to be used fresh, but both the Sushruta Samhita and the Sharangadhara Samhita name Vidanga among the few substances, alongside honey, ghee, jaggery and long pepper, that are better when not fresh.
Benefits of Vidanga
Intestinal Worms and Parasites
This is Vidanga's defining use. The Bhavaprakash Nighantu lists it as the prime anthelmintic, or worm-expelling herb (Krimighna), and says it is especially effective against tapeworms. The Ashtanga Hridaya even names it Krimijit, "the worm conqueror", in its list of pungent substances.
The Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 2) recommends Vidanga taken in buttermilk for worms. In Ayurvedic practice it is often combined with Kutaja and garlic for the same purpose. See our guides to parasites and worms and rectal itching, a classic sign of pinworms.
Digestion and Constipation
Vidanga is classed as a digestive fire kindler (Deepana) and a digester of undigested residue (Pachana). Its pungent taste, heating potency and light, penetrating quality are what drive this action.
It also relieves constipation (Vibandha hara). The Sharangadhara Samhita includes Vidanga in two classical digestive powders, Avipattikar Churna and Vyoshadi Churna. This digestive action is why it is linked with gas and flatulence, and the Bhavaprakash Nighantu lists abdominal disorders (Udara Roga) among its classical uses.
Skin Conditions
The Bhavaprakash Nighantu lists Vidanga as a remedy for skin disease (Kushtha hara), a broad classical category that covers many chronic skin complaints. The Sharangadhara Samhita describes a decoction of Triphala, Mustaka, Khadira, Neem, the two turmerics, Patola, Guduchi, Katuka and Vidanga that "destroys Kushtha".
In Ayurvedic practice Vidanga is commonly paired with Sariva, Bakuchi and Manjishtha for skin problems. More on our skin disorders page.
Swelling and Inflammation
Vidanga is also listed as an anti-inflammatory, or swelling-reducing, herb (Shotha hara). Its dry, heating nature suits the heavy, fluid-laden swelling that Ayurveda associates with Kapha. Read more on edema and swelling and inflammation.
Weight Management
The Ashtanga Hridaya (Sutrasthana, Chapter 14) lists treatments for over-nourishment, the state of excess fat tissue, that reduce fat, Vata and Kapha. One of them is a powder of Vidanga, dry ginger, an alkaline salt (Yavakshara), iron powder, barley and amla, licked daily with honey.
Head and Sinus Congestion
The Charaka Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 2) includes Vidanga among herbs used for nasal cleansing therapy (Shirovirechana), indicated for headache and rhinitis. The Sushruta Samhita also lists it among herbs for pressed nasal drops (Avapida Nasya). These uses relate to allergic rhinitis, though they are practitioner procedures rather than home remedies.
How to Use Vidanga
Vidanga is taken by mouth as a powder, a decoction or a tincture. The classical dose given for the fruit is 4 to 8 g, taken with honey or buttermilk. Ayurvedic practitioners work within a wider range of 1 to 15 g per day depending on the person and the purpose.
| Form | Dose | Best For | When to Take |
|---|---|---|---|
| Powder (Churna) with buttermilk | 4 to 8 g | Intestinal worms | With or after a meal, as classically described for worms |
| Powder (Churna) with honey | 4 to 8 g | Worms, Kapha-type sluggish digestion | After meals; mix honey into room-temperature powder, never heat it |
| Decoction (Kashaya) | Made from the dried fruit, within the 1 to 15 g daily range | Skin conditions, as part of a multi-herb decoction | As directed by a practitioner |
| Tincture (1:3, 25% alcohol) | 3 to 15 ml per day | Convenience when powder taste is a problem | Divided doses with water |
What to take it with
The vehicle you take a herb with is called anupana. For Vidanga, the two classical vehicles are buttermilk, which the Charaka Samhita names specifically for worms, and honey.
Common combinations
- For worms: with Kutaja and garlic.
- For skin: with Sariva, Bakuchi and Manjishtha.
- For urinary problems: with Punarnava and Gokshura.
Storage
Unlike most herbs, Vidanga does not need to be fresh. The Sushruta Samhita (Sutra Sthana, Chapter 36) says it improves with age, so a well-stored jar of dried fruit or powder keeps its value.
Safety & Side Effects
At normal doses, Vidanga is a straightforward herb, and no herb-drug interactions are known. There are, however, a few clear limits you should respect.
Contraindications
- Pregnancy: Vidanga is contraindicated during pregnancy. Do not use it if you are pregnant or trying to conceive.
- Pitta aggravation: Because it is pungent, heating and drying, Vidanga increases Pitta. If you already run hot, with symptoms like acid indigestion, burning sensations, inflamed skin or irritability, it can make things worse.
High doses and eyesight
Vidanga has been associated with damage to peripheral vision when taken at very high doses, well above the normal therapeutic range. Stay within standard doses (the classical 4 to 8 g, and no more than 15 g per day) and do not extend high doses on your own.
When to stop
Stop and seek advice if you notice any change in your vision, or signs of excess heat such as heartburn or burning sensations. If worm symptoms persist after a course, see a doctor for testing rather than simply increasing the dose.
Recommended: Start Here
If you want to start with Vidanga today, start where it is strongest: clearing intestinal worms.
The simplest classical method comes straight from the Charaka Samhita: Vidanga powder taken in buttermilk. Stir a dose within the classical 4 to 8 g range into a glass of thin buttermilk and drink it with or after a meal. If you dislike the taste, honey is the other classical vehicle; mix it into the powder at room temperature.
Buy the plain dried fruit powder (Churna) labelled with the botanical name Embelia ribes, so you know you are getting the right plant rather than black pepper. If you want a broader worm protocol, Vidanga is traditionally paired with Kutaja.
Find Vidanga Powder on Amazon ↗ Vidanga Capsules ↗ Kutaja Powder ↗
Safety: do not use Vidanga during pregnancy or when Pitta is aggravated, and stay within standard doses, since very high doses have been linked to peripheral vision damage.
Vidanga vs Other Herbs & Supplements
Vidanga is less often compared head to head with other herbs than it is combined with them. Our sources do not set out direct comparison data, so the table below sticks to what they do say: how Vidanga differs from the herb it is most often mistaken for, and which herbs it is traditionally paired with.
| Comparison | Vidanga | Alternative | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vidanga vs Black Pepper | Fruit looks like a peppercorn, hence "False Black Pepper". Named Krimijit, the worm conqueror, in the Ashtanga Hridaya. | Black pepper (Maricha) sits beside Vidanga in the Ashtanga Hridaya's list of pungent substances. | Both are pungent, but for worms the classical choice is Vidanga. Check the label for Embelia ribes. |
| Vidanga vs Kutaja and Garlic | The prime anthelmintic herb in the Bhavaprakash Nighantu. | Used alongside Vidanga for worms in Ayurvedic practice. | Not rivals. Vidanga is the lead herb and these are its common partners for worms. |
| Vidanga vs Bakuchi, Manjishtha and Sariva | Listed as a skin disease remedy (Kushtha hara), heating and drying. | Paired with Vidanga for skin conditions in Ayurvedic practice. | Again a team rather than a choice. Vidanga's heat makes it less suited to hot, Pitta-type skin on its own. |
If you are weighing Vidanga against a different herb not listed here, our sources do not cover that comparison, and a practitioner is the right person to ask.
Vidanga for Specific Populations
Our sources say less about specific groups than about Vidanga itself, so this section is short on purpose. Where the sources are silent, we say so.
Pregnancy & Nursing
Vidanga is contraindicated in pregnancy. Do not take it if you are pregnant. The Charaka Samhita (Sharira Sthana, Chapter 8) does list Vidanga among the supplies to keep in a maternity home, but that is a stocking list, not an instruction for use during pregnancy. Our sources give no specific guidance on nursing, so ask a qualified practitioner before using it while breastfeeding.
Children
Worms are common in children, so this is a frequent question. Our sources give no general paediatric dose for Vidanga, so do not give it to a child without guidance from a qualified practitioner who can set an appropriate reduced dose.
Elderly
Our sources do not give separate guidance for older adults. Because Vidanga is dry and heating, it may not suit people who already run hot or dry; keep to standard doses and get advice if you take other medicines.
Athletes
Our sources do not describe any athletic or performance use for Vidanga. The general rules apply: stay within standard doses and avoid it if Pitta is aggravated.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Vidanga the same as black pepper?
No. Vidanga is Embelia ribes, and it is called False Black Pepper because its small dried fruit looks like a peppercorn. Black pepper (Maricha) is a different plant. The Ashtanga Hridaya lists both in its group of pungent substances, naming Vidanga separately as Krimijit, the worm conqueror.
What are the active compounds in Vidanga?
Its recorded constituents include a volatile oil, tannin, the quinones embelin and vilangin, an alkaloid called christembine, and fatty acids. Embelin is the compound most often discussed in connection with Vidanga.
Does Vidanga need to be fresh?
No, and that is unusual. Classical texts generally insist on fresh herbs, but the Sushruta Samhita and the Sharangadhara Samhita both name Vidanga, along with honey, ghee, jaggery and long pepper, as exceptions that are better when not fresh.
Which classical formulas contain Vidanga?
The Sharangadhara Samhita includes it in Avipattikar Churna and Vyoshadi Churna, both digestive powders, and in a multi-herb decoction for skin disease. The Sushruta Samhita includes it in Panchatikta Ghrita, a medicated ghee described for irregular fever.
How to Use Vidanga by Condition
Explore how Vidanga is used for specific health concerns — with dosage, preparation methods, and classical references for each.
▶ Classical Text References (6 sources)
Classical Therapeutic Uses
- Krimi (intestinal worms, especially tapeworm)
- Udara Roga
- Kushtha
Source: Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 1
References in Astanga Hridaya
Katu Gana – group of pungents:कटुको ह गु म रचकृ मिजत प चकोलकम ् कुठे रा या ह रतकाः प तं मू म करम ् Hingu- Asa foetida Maricha – Black pepper, Krimijit – Vidanga, Panchakola – Chitraka, Pippalmoola, Pippali, Chitraka and ginger, leafy vegetables such as Kutheraka and others (mentioned in verse 103 of chapter 6 earlier), Pitta (bile of animals), Mutra (urines), Arushkara etc.
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 10: Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their
20 Treatment for over nourishing त मेदो नल ले मनाशनं सव म यते कुला थजूण यामाकयवमु गमधूदकम ् म त ुद डाहता र ट च ताशोधनजागरम ् मधुना फलां ल या गुडूचीमभयां घनम ् रसा जन य महतः प चमल ू य ग ु गल ु ोः शलाजतु] योग च साि नम थरसो हतः वड गं नागरं ारः काललोहरजो मधु यवामलक चूण च योगो अ त थौ यदोशिजत ् Treatments which reduce Medas- fat, Anila- Vata and Kapha are desirable; Use of Kulattha – horse gram – Dolichos Biflorus, Jurna, Shyamaka, Yava – Barley – Hordeum Vulgare, Mudga – green gram – Averr
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 14: Dvividha Upakramaneeya
21-24 योषकटवीवरा श ु वड गा त वषाि थराः ह गुस ौवचलाजाजीयवानीधा य च काः नशी ब ृह यौ हपुषा पाठामूलं च के बुकात ् एषां चूण मधु घ ृतं तैलं च सदशांशकम ् स तु भः षोडशगुणैयु तं पीतं नहि त तत ् अ त थौ या दकान ् सवा ोगान यां च त वधान ् ोगकामलाि व वासकासगल हान ् बु मेधा म ृ तकरं स न या ने च द पनम ् Powder of Vyosha- (Trikatu – pepper, long pepper and ginger), Katvi, Vara (Triphala), Shigru (drum stick), Vidanga (False black pepper – Embelia ribes), Ativisha, Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), Hingu – (A
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 14: Dvividha Upakramaneeya
Similar is the case of Anuvasana – fat enema and Matra basti – fat enema with very little oil 34-36 Anu taila जीव तीजलदे वदा जलद व से यगोपी हमं दाव व मधुक लवागु वर पु ा व ब वो पलम ् धाव यौ सरु भं ि थरे कृ महरं प ं ु ट रे णक ु ां कि ज कं कमला वलां शतगुणे द ये अ भ स वाथयेत ् ३७ तैला सं दशगण ु ं प रशो य तेन तैलं पचेत ् स ललेन दशैव वारान ् पाके पे चदशमे सममाजद ु धं न यं महागुणमुश यणुतैलमेतत ् ३८ Jivanti, Jala, Devadaru, Jalada, Twak, Sevya, Gopi (sariva), Hima, Darvi twak, Madhuka, Plava, A
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 20: Nasya Vidhi Nasal
वे लमा ा रस या The quantity of eye-salve which is in the form of gel, confection (Rasakriya) shall be that of Vella (Vidanga), चू णत य च वे शालाके त ु ती ण य, त त दतर य च the quantity of the eye salve which is in the form of powder (Churna) is two rods full in case of strong herbs and three rods full in case of mild herbs.
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 23: Aschotana Anjana Vidhi
35 अस यग े व त वे ल योष नशानतैः सागारधूमलवणतैलै द याि छरामुखम ् स य व ृ ते को णेन तैलेन लवणेन च When the blood is not flowing out in sufficient quantity, the cut end of the vein should be smeared with oil processed with Vella (Vidanga), Vyosha (Trikatu), Haridra, Nata, Agaradhuma or Lavana, when the blood is flowing out properly, the site should be smeared with warm oil and salt.
— Astanga Hridaya, Chapter 27: Siravyadha Vidhi
Source: Astanga Hridaya, Ch. 10, Ch. 14, Ch. 14, Ch. 20, Ch. 23, Ch. 27
References in Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan
Katu Gana – group of pungents:कटुको ह गु म रचकृ मिजत प चकोलकम ् कुठे रा या ह रतकाः प तं मू म करम ् Hingu- Asa foetida Maricha – Black pepper, Krimijit – Vidanga, Panchakola – Chitraka, Pippalmoola, Pippali, Chitraka and ginger, leafy vegetables such as Kutheraka and others (mentioned in verse 103 of chapter 6 earlier), Pitta (bile of animals), Mutra (urines), Arushkara etc.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their
Powder of Vidanga (False black pepper – Embelia ribes), Nagara – (Ginger), KsharaYavakshara and iron filing or powder of Yava (Barley – Hordeum vulgare) and Amla along with honey – should be licked daily.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Dvividha Upakramaneeya
21-24 योषकटवीवरा श ु वड गा त वषाि थराः ह गुस ौवचलाजाजीयवानीधा य च काः नशी ब ृह यौ हपुषा पाठामूलं च के बुकात ् एषां चूण मधु घ ृतं तैलं च सदशांशकम ् स तु भः षोडशगुणैयु तं पीतं नहि त तत ् अ त थौ या दकान ् सवा ोगान यां च त वधान ् ोगकामलाि व वासकासगल हान ् बु मेधा म ृ तकरं स न या ने च द पनम ् Powder of Vyosha- (Trikatu – pepper, long pepper and ginger), Katvi, Vara (Triphala), Shigru (drum stick), Vidanga (False black pepper – Embelia ribes), Ativisha, Sthira (Desmodium gangeticum), Hingu – (A
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Dvividha Upakramaneeya
Similar is the case of Anuvasana – fat enema and Matra basti – fat enema with very little oil 34-36 Anu taila जीव तीजलदे वदा जलद व से यगोपी हमं दाव व मधुक लवागु वर पु ा व ब वो पलम ् धाव यौ सरु भं ि थरे कृ महरं प ं ु ट रे णक ु ां कि ज कं कमला वलां शतगुणे द ये अ भ स वाथयेत ् ३७ तैला सं दशगण ु ं प रशो य तेन तैलं पचेत ् स ललेन दशैव वारान ् पाके पे चदशमे सममाजद ु धं न यं महागुणमुश यणुतैलमेतत ् ३८ Jivanti, Jala, Devadaru, Jalada, Twak, Sevya, Gopi (sariva), Hima, Darvi twak, Madhuka, Plava, A
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Nasya Vidhi Nasal
वे लमा ा रस या The quantity of eye-salve which is in the form of gel, confection (Rasakriya) shall be that of Vella (Vidanga), चू णत य च वे शालाके त ु ती ण य, त त दतर य च the quantity of the eye salve which is in the form of powder (Churna) is two rods full in case of strong herbs and three rods full in case of mild herbs.
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Aschotana Anjana Vidhi
Source: Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their; Dvividha Upakramaneeya; Nasya Vidhi Nasal; Aschotana Anjana Vidhi
References in Charaka Samhita
Lists 20+ medicinal plants including Apamarga, Pippali, Maricha, Vidanga for shirovirechana (nasal catharsis) indicated for headache, rhinitis, epilepsy, and anosmia.
— Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana — Fundamental Principles, Chapter 2: Dehusked Seeds of Apamarga & Panchakarma (Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya / अपामार्गतण्डुलीय अध्याय)
22), Vidanga buttermilk for worms (v.
— Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana — Fundamental Principles, Chapter 2: Dehusked Seeds of Apamarga & Panchakarma (Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya / अपामार्गतण्डुलीय अध्याय)
After winnowing and cleaning these seeds, they should be immersed in the lukewarm decoction of vidanga till the noxious material comes out.
— Charaka Samhita, Vimana Sthana — Specific Medical Principles, Chapter 7: Signs of Morbidity (Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana / व्याधित रूपीय विमान)
The following items should be made available in that maternity home: Ghee, honey, saindhava (rock salt), sauvarchala, kala, bida salts, vidanga (Emblelia ribes Burm.
— Charaka Samhita, Sharira Sthana — Human Body & Embryology, Chapter 8: Guidelines for Lineage (Jatisutriya Sharira / जातिसूत्रीय शरीर)
Powders of haritaki, rock salt, amalaka, jaggery, vacha, vidanga, haridra, pippali and dry ginger should be taken with hot water by adequately oleated and fomented individuals.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 1: Rejuvenation Therapy (Rasayana Chikitsa / रसायन चिकित्सा)
Source: Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana — Fundamental Principles, Chapter 2: Dehusked Seeds of Apamarga & Panchakarma (Apamarga Tanduliya Adhyaya / अपामार्गतण्डुलीय अध्याय); Vimana Sthana — Specific Medical Principles, Chapter 7: Signs of Morbidity (Vyadhita Rupiya Vimana / व्याधित रूपीय विमान); Sharira Sthana — Human Body & Embryology, Chapter 8: Guidelines for Lineage (Jatisutriya Sharira / जातिसूत्रीय शरीर); Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 1: Rejuvenation Therapy (Rasayana Chikitsa / रसायन चिकित्सा)
References in Sharangadhara Samhita
Regarding drug conventions: only fresh substances should be used in all procedures, except for Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Krishna (Piper longum), Guda (jaggery), Dhanya (coriander), Ajya (ghee), and Makshika (honey).
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khanda, Chapter 1: Paribhashakathana (Definitions)
— along with Vidanga (Embelia ribes) and Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa): this is an excellent decoction.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 1: Svarasadikalpana (Svarasa, Kalka, Kvatha, etc.)
Triphala, Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus), Khadira (Acacia catechu), Nimba (Azadirachta indica), the two Haridras (turmeric and tree turmeric), Patola (Trichosanthes dioica), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa), and Vidanga (Embelia ribes) — this decoction destroys Kushtha (skin diseases).
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 2: Kvathakalpana (Decoction Preparations)
Avipattikar Churna: Shunthi (dry ginger — Zingiber officinale), Maricha (black pepper — Piper nigrum), Pippali (long pepper — Piper longum), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus), Vidanga (Embelia ribes), and Sharkara (sugar) —.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations)
Vyoshadi Churna: Vyosha (Trikatu — dry ginger, black pepper, long pepper), Triphala (three myrobalans), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Chavya (Piper retrofractum), and Pippalimula (root of Piper longum) — these should be prepared as a powder.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations)
Source: Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khanda, Chapter 1: Paribhashakathana (Definitions); Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 1: Svarasadikalpana (Svarasa, Kalka, Kvatha, etc.); Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 2: Kvathakalpana (Decoction Preparations); Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 3: Churnakalpana (Powder Preparations)
References in Sushruta Samhita
PANCHATIKTA GHRITA (Five-bitter Ghee): Triphala, Chitraka, Musta, Haridra (turmeric), Ativisha, Vacha, Vidanga, Trikatu, Chavya, and Suradaru -- prepared with Panchagavya (five cow products), this destroys irregular fever.
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 39: Jvarapratishedha
Hingu (asafoetida), trikatu, vatsakaru, shivati, lac, seeds of saurabha, katphala (Myrica esculenta), ugra, kushtha (Saussurea), tikshna-gandha (sharp aromatics), vidanga (Embelia ribes) — these are excellent for daily avapida nasya (pressed nasal drops), along with karanja (Pongamia).
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 23: Chapter 23
Both balas, both brihatis, vidanga, trikantaka, shvetamula, sadabhadra, and varsha-bhu should be combined.
— Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 24: Chapter 24
All drugs should be freshly collected, except honey, ghee, jaggery, long pepper (pippali), and vidanga — these improve with age (verse 7).
— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 36: Bhumipravibhagiya Adhyaya - On Classification of Land for Medicinal Plants
Vidanga, pippali, honey, and ghee are better when not fresh;
— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 36: Bhumipravibhagiya Adhyaya - On Classification of Land for Medicinal Plants
Source: Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 39: Jvarapratishedha; Uttara Tantra, Chapter 23: Chapter 23; Uttara Tantra, Chapter 24: Chapter 24; Sutra Sthana, Chapter 36: Bhumipravibhagiya Adhyaya - On Classification of Land for Medicinal Plants
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