Ayurvedic Properties
- Taste (Rasa)
- Bitter (Tikta), Astringent (Kashaya)
- Quality (Guna)
- Light (Laghu), Dry (Ruksha)
- Potency (Virya)
- Hot (Ushna)
- Post-digestive (Vipaka)
- Pungent (Katu)
- Key Constituents
- Oroxylin A (flavone), Baicalein, Chrysin. Root bark contains tannins.
- Also Known As
- English: Broken Bones Plant, Indian Trumpet Flower
Sanskrit: श्योनाक, शोणक, कटम्भरा, टूण्टुक, नतपत्रक, शुकनास
Hindi: सोनापाठा, सोनमगज, टोना
What is Shyonaka (श्योनाक)?
Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum) is an important member of the Dashamula group (Brihat Panchamula -- five large root drugs). It is a tall tree found in sub-Himalayan tracts and forests. The root bark is the primary part used in medicine. The tree is also known as 'Broken Bones Plant' in English due to the appearance of its fallen pods. Its bark and root bark are bitter and astringent, used especially in managing diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, and inflammatory conditions. It is one of the key ingredients in Dashamularishta.
Source: Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 3
Therapeutic Actions (Karma)
Source: Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 3
How to Use Shyonaka by Condition
Explore how Shyonaka is used for specific health concerns — with dosage, preparation methods, and classical references for each.
▶ Classical Text References (5 sources)
Classical Therapeutic Uses
- Shotha (edema/swelling)
- Atisara (diarrhea)
- Jwara (fever)
- Shwasa (asthma)
- Kapha-Vata disorders
Source: Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Varga 3
References in Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan
Tikta Gana – group of bitters :त तः पदोल ाय ती वालकोशीर च दनम ् भू न ब न ब कटुका तगरा गु व सकम ् न तमाला वरजनी मु त मूवाट पकम पाठापामागकां यायोगुडू चध वयासकम ् प चमल ू ं महा या यौ वशाल अ त वषावचा Patoli, Trayanti – Gentiana kurroa, Valaka, Usira – Vetiveria zizanioides, Chandana – Sandalwood, Bhunimba – The creat (whole plant) – Andrographis paniculata, Nimba – Neem – Azadirachta indica, Katuka – Picrorhiza kurroa, Tagara – Indian Valerian (root) – Valeriana wallichi, Aguru, Vatsaka – Hol
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their
Either Rasanjana (Aqueous extract of Berberis aristata), Brihat Pancamula (Agnimantha, Shyonaka, Gambhari, Patala, Bilva), Guggulu – along with the fresh juice of Agnimnatha is suitable;
— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Dvividha Upakramaneeya
Source: Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Rasabhediyam Tastes, Their; Dvividha Upakramaneeya
References in Charaka Samhita
f), shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent), kashmari (Gmelina arborea), patala (Stereospermum suaveolens), shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC), prishniparni (Uraria picta Desv), brihati (Solanum indicum Linn), kantakari (Solanum surattense Burm.
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 13: Abdominal Diseases Treatment (Udara Chikitsa / उदरचिकित्सा)
Yavagu (rise gruel) and odana (rice) should be given along with cereal soup, or meat soup that are prepared by adding mild sour tasting drugs, small amount of ghee, pungent tasting drugs and panchamula (bilva (Aegle marmelos), agnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis), shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum), kashmari (Gmelina arborea) and patala (Stereospermum suaveolens).
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 13: Abdominal Diseases Treatment (Udara Chikitsa / उदरचिकित्सा)
Abdomen should be treated with parisheka (pouring medicated liquids on body parts) by using decoction prepared from vrishchikali (Tragia involucrata), vacha (Acorus calamus), kushtha (Saussurea lappa), bilva (Aegle marmelos), agnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis), shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum), kashmari (Gmelina arborea), patala (Stereospermum suaveolens), punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), bhutika (Cymbopogon jvarancusha), nagara (Zingiber officinale) and dhanyaka (Coriandrum sativum).
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 13: Abdominal Diseases Treatment (Udara Chikitsa / उदरचिकित्सा)
Oil is prepared successively with each of the kshara of agnimantha (Clerodendrum phlomidis), shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum), palasha (Butea monosperma), stalk of tila (Sesamum indicum), bala (Sida cordifolia), kadali (Musa paradisiaca) and apamarga (Achyranthes aspera).
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 13: Abdominal Diseases Treatment (Udara Chikitsa / उदरचिकित्सा)
Make paste of panchamoola (bilva, shyonaka, gambhari, patala and gambharika), abhaya, trikatu, pippalimoola, saindhava, rasna, two kshara (sarjika and yavakshara), ajaji, vidanga and sati and prepare medicated ghee with sukta, juice of matulunga and ardraka, suṣkamoolaka, kolambu, chukrika, pomengranate, butter milk, mastu (supplement liquid portion in the curd/yoghurt), suramanda (indigenous beer beverage prepared from fermented cereals) sauviraka (acidic fermented liquid obtained from wheat),
— Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)
Source: Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 13: Abdominal Diseases Treatment (Udara Chikitsa / उदरचिकित्सा); Chikitsa Sthana — Therapeutic Principles, Chapter 15: Digestive Disorders Treatment (Grahani Chikitsa / ग्रहणीचिकित्सा)
References in Sharangadhara Samhita
In all types of Atisara (diarrhea): the juice of leaves of large Babbula (Acacia nilotica), or the juice of bark of Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum) and Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica), eliminates all forms of diarrhea when consumed.
— Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 1: Svarasadikalpana (Svarasa, Kalka, Kvatha, etc.)
Source: Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda, Chapter 1: Svarasadikalpana (Svarasa, Kalka, Kvatha, etc.)
References in Sushruta Samhita
The Mahat Panchamula (Major Five Roots) consists of: bilva (Aegle), agnimantha, tirakata (shyonaka), patala, and kashmari (Gambhari) (verse 68).
— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 38: Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya - On the Collection of Drugs
The Mahat Panchamula (Major Five Roots) consists of: bilva (Aegle), agnimantha, tirakata (shyonaka), patala, and kashmari (Gambhari) (verse 68).
— Sushruta Samhita, Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya - On the Collection of Drugs
Source: Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 38: Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya - On the Collection of Drugs; Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya - On the Collection of Drugs
Medical Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Ayurvedic treatments should be pursued under the guidance of a qualified practitioner (BAMS/MD Ayurveda). Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new treatment. Content is sourced from classical Ayurvedic texts and may not reflect the latest medical research.