Flattened Rice

Prithuka (flattened/beaten rice, commonly known as Poha or Chiwda) is described as light, dry, and sweet. It is satiating and nourishing. Fresh Prithuka is heavier than old Prithuka. It is used as a quick food preparation and is easily digestible when properly prepared.

• Tarpana (satiating)
• Balya (strengthening)

19 Nishpava (flat bean) न पावो वात प ता सरो वदाह त यमू करो गु ः २० शु कफशोष वषापहः Nishpava (flat bean) aggravates vata, pitta, bleeding disorders, it increases breast milk production and promotes urine formation.

— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Annaswaroopa Food

9 4, Talayantra- instruments with flat arms वे दशा गुले म तालय े यतालवत ् वयेकतालके म ृते कणनाडीश यापहा रणी Talayantra- instruments with flat arms are of two types- 12 Angula length, resembling the palate (fin) of the fish in shape, - with one flat disc at its mouth;

— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Yantra Vidhi

Those which are hollow, with the help of Tala Yantra- instruments with flat discs, Those which are lodged in hollow spaces, by using Naraka Yantra- tubular instruments and the rest by other convenient instruments.

— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Shalya Aaharan Vidhi

In case of fractures bandaging should be done by using leather, bark of trees and splints – hard and flat pieces of bamboo, wood, metal etc.

— Astanga Hridaya Sutrasthan, Shastrakarma Vidhi

The medicine should be prepared as a lickable confection (Avaleha) mixed with Chira (flattened rice), honey, sugar, and ghee.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khanda, Chapter 6: Aharadigatikathanam (Description of Food Processes etc.)

For Pitta, Kapha, and Vata types, feed Chira (flattened rice), Yusha (lentil soup), and meat broth respectively after Niruha.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Uttara Khanda, Chapter 6: Niruha Basti Vidhi (Decoction Enema Therapy)

Laja-manda (roasted flattened rice water) is light and easy to digest, ideal for recovering patients.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 26: Treatment of Fever with Diarrhea (continued)

Curd, fish, jaggery, Chira (flattened rice), contaminated water, and Upodika (Basella alba) are unwholesome.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 32: Diet for Rheumatism (Amavata Pathyapathyam)

Old rice, Chira (flattened rice), warm food, soup of arid-land animals, pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), grapes (Vitis vinifera), ripe mango, and pomegranate (Punica granatum) are wholesome.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 33: Diet for Abdominal Colic (Shula Roga Pathyapathyam)

Shirotpata (raised scleral vessel), Shiraharsha (scleral vessel engorgement), Shirajala (scleral vessel network), Shuktika (pterygium), Shukla-arma (scleral growth), Adhimamsarma (fleshy growth), Prastarya (flat growth), and Pishtaka.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Purva Khanda, Chapter 7: Rogagananam (Enumeration of Diseases)

Oliguria (scanty urine) and orthopnea (inability to lie flat) are hallmark signs of severe pleural effusion with cardiac compromise.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 3: Pleural Effusion (Urastoya Adhikara)

Nishpava (flat beans), Aluka (Dioscorea), leafy vegetables, salt, irregular eating, pungent and sour items, and suppression of natural urges should be given up by a smallpox patient.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 60: Diet for Smallpox (Masurika Pathyapathyam)

Black gram (Vigna mungo), Kulthi (Macrotyloma uniflorum), flat beans (Dolichos lablab), Kalaya, radish, curd, alcohol, meat, fish, Kanjika (fermented rice water), and alkali consumption are unwholesome.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 65: Diet for Bleeding Disorders (Vatarakta Pathyapathyam)

Kathillaka, flat bean seeds, Bimbi (Coccinia grandis), Kasheruka, cold water, incompatible food, sexual intercourse, and excessive wandering are harmful.

— Sharangadhara Samhita, Parishishtam, Chapter 66: Diet for Vata Diseases (Vata Roga Pathyapathyam)

These are of six types: (1) Svastika-yantra (cross-shaped/forceps), (2) Sandamsha-yantra (tongs/pincers), (3) Tala-yantra (flat/plate instruments), (4) Nadi-yantra (tubular instruments), (5) Shalaka-yantra (rod/probe instruments), and (6) Upa-yantra (accessory instruments) (5).

— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 7: Yantra Vidhi Adhyaya - Blunt Instruments

Six categories of blunt instruments — forceps, tongs, flat retractors, tubes/cannulae, probes/sounds, and accessories.

— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 7: Yantra Vidhi Adhyaya - Blunt Instruments

Of these: 24 are Svastika (forceps), 2 are Sandamsha (tongs), 2 are Tala (flat), 20 are Nadi (tubular), 28 are Shalaka (probes), and 25 are Upa-yantra (accessories) — totaling 101 (6).

— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 7: Yantra Vidhi Adhyaya - Blunt Instruments

Tala (flat) instruments are 12 angula, resembling a fish-tail, in single-plate and double-plate varieties — used for extracting foreign bodies from ears, nose, and tubular passages (12).

— Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 7: Yantra Vidhi Adhyaya - Blunt Instruments

Hopeless cases: pelvic bone fractures, dislocation of thigh, compound fracture of flat bones.

— Sushruta Samhita, Nidana Sthana, Chapter 15: Bhagna Nidanam - Fractures and Dislocations